Muda, Mura and Muri – 3 Types of Waste in Lean Project Management
Lean project management or LPM applies Lean principles, which have been perfected by Toyota, in the realm of project management. In LPM, main objectives are: reducing waste and delivering value. Lean project managers aim to deliver projects successfully, while staying true to these values. LPM identifies 3 types of waste: Muda, Mura and Muri. What are these?
1.
Muda is the time and effort wasted on activities,
that provide no value to the customer.
2.
Mura is an uneven, inconsistent production
process, resulting in time and resource waste.
3.
Muri is an overuse of machines, or employees.
Application of Lean Management Practices
Application of Lean management practices means, different wastes
can be easily minimized, and it also helps in making the process more
efficient, value-oriented, more predictable, sustainable, and profitable. Lean
project management follows Deming's Cycle of Change and seeks to deliver value
to customers quickly and continuously, by limiting work in progress.
Lean process thinking centres on the need of the customer.
It is the customer, who identifies value in your process, based on which you
map the process value stream, and establish the pull-based flow. Throughout the
project life cycle, improvement opportunities are noted and acted upon, to
ensure constant process growth and optimization. Let's take a look at the five
Lean principles.
Lean Project Management Principles
Our first step is to focus on value, as defined by your
customer. Who is the customer? Is it the project sponsor, the c-suite, or the
end-user, for which the project is being developed? Arguably, it can be either.
The shareholders or c-suite executive, who expect the product to be delivered
in such a way, that is profitable, sustainable, and controlled.
Our next step is to visualize the value stream.
Map out the value stream for the process, to define where it
creates value for the customer. Knowing this will help you ensure maximum waste
reduction, and highest value delivery. It's common for Lean project managers to
aid value stream and workflow visualization with Kanban boards, to let anyone
see the current project status, at any
time - thus, minimizing meetings and status reporting.
Lean project management requires keeping tabs on
throughput and cycle time values; thus project managers aim to deliver the
product into the hands of customer as fast as possible. When a Plan-Do-Check-Act
cycle ends, team evaluates methods of improving speed as well as reducing waste,
which enables them to deliver subsequent features to the client more
efficiently.
Lean managers ensure that they have customers pulling the
work, signalling their demand. They make sure that open communication exists with
the customers, providing them required understanding that is needed for delivering
functionality at the time when it is needed. This signifies the need to
understand that the process takes time, as well as customer behaviours. Limiting
work in progress is an important aspect of LPM or Lean project management.
The objective is to provide clients only the required items,
and ensure that it is done quickly. This makes Lean projects much shorter than
traditional ones, whose project buffers allocate extra time to account for
risks. Lean project management uses buffers only as a way to protect a WIP
constraint, or critical chain of the project - the part that takes the longest
to complete.
Traditional project management conducts a Lessons Learned
event at the end of a project. While it can aid in future projects, it's
missing the opportunity for improvement in completed work. Lean project
management seeks continuous improvement. Kaizen Blitz is a dedicated four- or
five-day event, during which relevant stakeholders are gathered to determine
the main cause, and an answer, to some issue, that has creeped up within the procedure
- there and then.
If you're following the five Lean principles, it means
you're implementing Lean project management, and your customers will
likely thank you for your effort! Lean project management allows you to achieve
shorter lead times, cost reduction across the board improved quality and
customer satisfaction, and better process efficiency and predictability.
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